What are the swing states that will decide the US president on Election Day?
Washington DC - On Election Eve, Vice President Kamala Harris and former president Donald Trump are hurtling toward their November 5 election showdown, one of the closest contests in modern American history.
In the handful of critical states framing the 2024 race, there is little space between the rivals on the night before Election Day.
Under the US Constitution, America's founding fathers established that each of the 50 states would hold its own vote for president.
Under the complex Electoral College system, each state has a certain number of "electors" based on population. Most states have a winner-take-all system that awards all electors to whoever wins the popular vote.
With candidates needing 270 of the 538 electoral votes to win, elections tend to be decided in the hotly contested "swing states" with a history of alternating between Republican and Democratic candidates.
This year, there are seven such battleground states, and every one is a toss-up within the margin of error. Here is a look below at which states will mean the most..
What are the swing states with the most Electorial College votes in the presidential election?
- Pennsylvania (19 Electoral College votes)
Pennsylvania was once reliably Democratic, but these days, they don't come much tighter than the Keystone State.
Republican Trump won the most populous battleground, with 13 million residents, by 0.7 percentage points in 2016. Joe Biden claimed it by 1.2 percentage points in 2020.
Known for its "Rust Belt" cities like Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania has been blighted for decades by the steady decline of its industrial manufacturing base.
Trump and Harris have campaigned repeatedly in the eastern state, where the pair held their one and only presidential debate. Trump, who survived an assassination attempt at a July rally in Pennsylvania, is courting the rural white population and warning that migrants are overwhelming small towns.
Harris is touting recent infrastructure wins, and in Pittsburgh she outlined plans to invest $100 billion in manufacturing, a key issue for state residents.
- Georgia (16 Electoral College votes)
This southeastern state was an election flashpoint at the end of Trump's first term, and the controversy simmers.
Prosecutors in Georgia indicted Trump in an election interference case after he called state officials urging them to "find" enough votes to overturn Biden's narrow 2020 victory.
But in a boost for Trump, the case is paused until after the election.
Biden was the first Democrat to win the Peach State since 1992. Demographic changes are likely to benefit Harris, who has courted minority voters across Georgia.
- North Carolina (16 Electoral College votes)
The southeastern state has voted Democratic only once since 1980, but Harris believes it's back in play.
The population, now over 10 million, is expanding and growing more diverse, benefiting Democrats.
Complicating matters for Trump, a scandal involving the state's Republican gubernatorial candidate has infuriated party officials who worry it could sink Trump in a close race.
As in neighboring Georgia, one wild card is how the devastation from Hurricane Helene, which recently laid waste to towns in western North Carolina, might impact the vote.
- Michigan (15 Electoral College votes)
Trump flipped Michigan, a former Democratic stronghold, on his way to defeating Hillary Clinton in 2016.
Biden returned it to the blue column in 2020, buoyed by unionized workers and a large Black community.
But this time, Harris risks losing the support of a 200,000-strong Arab-American community that has denounced Biden's, and by extension her, handling of the Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, as she campaigned in Michigan in the final hours of Election Week amid rough polling numbers.
What are the other swing states in the presidential election?
- Arizona (11 Electoral College votes)
The Grand Canyon state was among 2020's tightest races, with Biden triumphing by just 10,457 votes.
Trump hopes frustrations over the Biden-Harris administration's immigration policy will swing Arizona, which shares a border with Mexico, back in his favor.
Harris visited Arizona's border in September vowing to crack down on migration and work on reviving last year's bipartisan border bill, which she said Trump "tanked" for political purposes.
- Wisconsin (10 Electoral College votes)
Clinton lost Wisconsin after giving the state a wide berth during the 2016 campaign.
As with Midwestern neighbor Michigan, it was a different story when Trump's opponent was Biden, who turned a 23,000-vote deficit into a winning margin of 21,000 for Democrats.
Trump considers it winnable, and his party held its summer National Convention there.
While Trump led early against Biden, Harris has made the state race a nail-biter.
- Nevada (6 Electoral College votes)
The Silver State, with a population of 3.1 million, hasn't voted Republican since 2004. Conservatives are convinced they can flip the script.
Trump held a significant lead here against Biden.
But within weeks of becoming the Democratic nominee, Harris, promoting her economic plans to help small businesses and combat inflation, has erased that advantage in the western state, whose largest city Las Vegas is dominated by the hospitality industry.
Will it all come down to the swing states in the 2024 Election? On Tuesday, the world will find out.
Cover photo: unsplash/Joshua Woroniecki